Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This inflammation can cause sharp chest pain and may be accompanied by other symptoms like fever and shortness of breath. While it can be acute or chronic, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as pericardial effusion or constrictive pericarditis.
Pericarditis can result from various causes, including viral infections (often following respiratory illnesses), bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders like lupus, heart attack or surgery, chest trauma, and certain medications. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment, as it determines the approach and helps prevent complications or recurrence of the condition.
Diagnosing pericarditis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination (listening for pericardial rub), ECG (detects characteristic changes), echocardiogram (visualizes fluid around the heart), chest X-ray (assesses heart size), and blood tests (identify inflammation markers). These tests are crucial for accurate diagnosis, ensuring appropriate treatment and improving recovery outcomes for pericarditis patients.
Common symptoms of pericarditis include sharp, stabbing chest pain (worsens with deep breaths), fever (indicating inflammation), shortness of breath (especially when lying down), heart palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and fatigue (general weakness). If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to seek medical attention immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.
Treatment for pericarditis varies based on cause and severity. NSAIDs are used to reduce inflammation and pain, while colchicine helps prevent recurrence. Corticosteroids are prescribed for autoimmune cases or those unresponsive to NSAIDs. Antibiotics are needed for bacterial infections, and pericardiocentesis may be performed to drain excess fluid. Most patients recover with appropriate treatment and rest.
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Treatment includes anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, and sometimes corticosteroids or drainage.
Most cases are mild, but complications like cardiac tamponade can be serious.
Diagnosis involves ECG, echocardiogram, blood tests, and physical chest examination.
Viral infections, autoimmune diseases, surgery, or trauma can trigger pericarditis inflammation.
Pericarditis is inflammation of the heart’s outer sac, causing chest pain.
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