Hemorrhoids, often referred to as piles, are veins that have swollen in the lower rectum or anus, resulting in itching, discomfort, as well as bleeding and pain during stool movements. While most cases can be managed through over-the-counter treatments and lifestyle modifications, more severe or persistent hemorrhoids might require surgery. This is where hemorrhoid treatment can be beneficial, providing relief to those suffering from long-term or complex cases. Understanding the types of hemorrhoid surgery available is crucial for effective treatment.

Why Is Hemorrhoid Surgery Needed?

Most hemorrhoids can manage without surgical intervention. There are however a few circumstances where surgical intervention becomes required:

Bleeding and pain that is chronic In the event that external or internal hemorrhoids are causing frequent bleeding and discomfort, surgical intervention could be necessary.
Large, prolapsed hemorrhoids If hemorrhoids extend beyond the anus and can’t be pulled back (prolapsed) surgery is the possibility of a permanent solution.
The thrombosed hemorrhoids are when a clot develops within an external hemorrhoid the pain could get unbearable, and it may need surgical removal.
The failure of non-surgical treatments In the event that creams, lifestyle modifications or rubber bands ligation don’t seem to have resulted in success, surgery could be the next option.
The procedures for surgery vary in terms of invasiveness speed of recovery, and efficacy. The nature of the hemorrhoid, its the severity, and the patient’s health status determine which option is the best one for you.

1. Hemorrhoidectomy (Traditional Surgery)
Introduction: Hemorrhoidectomy is the surgical removal of hemorrhoids. This is typically performed with general anesthesia. This is by far the most efficient treatment for severe, large or persistent hemorrhoids.
Types:

Before deciding on surgery, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to explore the types of hemorrhoid surgery and determine the best course of action based on individual circumstances.

Closed Hemorrhoidectomy involves the removal of the hemorrhoid, and stitches the hemorrhoid.
Open Hemorrhoidectomy: A wound is left open for healing naturally. It is usually suggested for cases that are more complex.

Pros:

Long-term relief
Highly effective for hemorrhoids with severe severity

Cons:

A painful recovery
Hospitalization is required in certain instances
Recovery may take up to up to 2-4 weeks

Ideal for Grade III internal hemorrhoids of grade IV, or large hemorrhoids externally.

2. Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy (PPH Surgery)
Overview: This non-invasive procedure utilizes an elongated stapler that can reposition hemorrhoids. It also cuts off the blood supply to them which causes their size to decrease.
How It Works:

The device ties the hemorrhoidal tissue back in the proper position.
The less cutting is less painful when compared with the traditional hemorrhoidectomy.

Pros:

Postoperative pain less
A shorter recovery time (7-10 days)
Minimal bleeding

Cons:

Recurrence rate slightly higher
Not recommended for hemorrhoids that are external to the body.
The best option is for internal hemorrhoids, preferably the Grade III or II.

3. Rubber Band Ligation (Minimally Invasive)
The basic idea is that a rubber band is put on the bottom of the hemorrhoid and cuts off the flow of blood. The hemorrhoid becomes swollen and then disappears within one week.

Pros:

Quick, outpatient procedure
No anesthesia is required
Effective for smaller internal hemorrhoids

Cons:

Mild discomfort following the procedure
Might require several sessions
Not recommended for external hemorrhoids.

The best option is for internal hemorrhoids (Grade I to III).

4. Infrared Coagulation (IRC)
The overview of this non-surgical technique employs infrared light to help connect blood vessels to the hemorrhoid and cause that it shrink.

Pros:

Painless
In just a few minutes
There are no incisions or stitches.

Cons:

Might require multiple sessions
Less effective for larger hemorrhoids
The best treatment for small inner hemorrhoids (Grade I or II).

5. Laser Hemorrhoid Surgery
Overview: A contemporary technique for surgical treatment that is highly precise employing laser beams to eliminate or shrink hemorrhoids while causing minimal damage to the tissues.

Pros:

Minimal bleeding
Quick healing
Short hospital stay (often same-day discharge)
A lesser amount of pain when compared to traditional surgeries

Cons:

Cost slightly higher
Not available in all clinics.
Ideal for both external and internal hemorrhoids (depending on the severity).

6. Sclerotherapy
Overview The chemical solution is injectable into the hemorrhoid in order to reduce its size by cutting off the blood supply to it.

Pros:

Simple, outpatient procedure
There are no stitches or cutting.
Low cost

Cons:

Less effective for larger hemorrhoids
Temporary solution that may require to be repeated
The best treatment for small intra-hemorrhoids (Grade I and II).

7. Doppler-Guided Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (DGHAL)
Overview: This sophisticated method uses Doppler ultrasound to find and close off the arteries that feed the hemorrhoid.

Pros:

Precision targeting
Postoperative pain less
A low risk of complications

Cons:

Needs special equipment and experience
Not suitable for all patients.
Ideal for: Internal hemorrhoids (Grades II and III).

Recovery and Aftercare Tips

Treatment for pain: Pain relievers and sitz baths can help ease the discomfort after surgery.
Changes in diet Improve the amount of liquids and fiber to avoid constipation.
Avoid straining by using stool softeners when needed.
Follow-up appointments: Always attend scheduled follow-up appointments to ensure the proper assessment of healing.

The rate of recovery depends on the type of procedure chosen. The most minimally invasive procedures generally provide faster healing and less discomfort.

Conclusion

Selecting the best kind of hemorrhoid procedure is based on a variety of factors, including the severity, the kind (internal as well as external) and general health. The options range from non-invasive methods such as rubber band ligation or infrared coagulation, to traditional procedures such as hemorrhoidectomy, and more advanced options like stapler and laser surgery–each has its own advantages.

If you’re experiencing persistent or painful hemorrhoids contact a reputable colorectal surgeon for advice on the best option for your particular condition. Modern treatments mean that hemorrhoids relief is now more affordable, efficient and comfortable than it has ever been.