When dealing with chronic knee pain, swelling, or a sports injury that doesn’t improve with rest or physiotherapy, doctors may recommend knee arthroscopy. While it’s known as a minimally invasive and effective procedure, understanding the full process can help reduce anxiety and set realistic expectations.
This step-by-step guide will walk you through the entire knee arthroscopy surgery process, from preparation to recovery, so you can feel more confident and informed about your treatment journey.
Knee Arthroscopy Surgery Process
- Preoperative Consultation and Diagnosis
Before scheduling surgery, the orthopedic specialist will thoroughly evaluate your condition. This includes:
- Medical history review
- Physical examination of the knee
- Diagnostic imaging such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound
- Discussion of symptoms and response to previous treatments
If the issue cannot be clearly diagnosed or treated through non-surgical methods, arthroscopy may be recommended for further investigation or repair.
You’ll also receive instructions about fasting, stopping certain medications, and undergoing pre-surgery blood tests or medical clearance if needed.
- Medical history review
- Admission and Preparation on the Day of Surgery
Knee arthroscopy is typically performed as a day-care procedure, meaning you’ll go home the same day. Upon arriving at the hospital:
- You’ll change into a surgical gown
- A nurse will check your vitals
- An anesthesiologist will discuss the anesthesia plan this may be local, spinal, or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the case and your health
Once everything is set, you’ll be taken to the operation room.
- You’ll change into a surgical gown
- The Surgical Procedure
The actual knee arthroscopy procedure usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes.
Here’s how it works:
- Two or three small incisions (about 1 cm each) are made near the knee
- A tiny camera, called an arthroscope, is inserted into the joint through one of the incisions
- The camera displays real-time visuals on a monitor, helping the surgeon examine the inside of the knee
- Through the other incisions, miniature surgical instruments are inserted to perform necessary treatments like trimming torn cartilage, removing loose fragments, or repairing ligaments
- Once the work is complete, the instruments are removed, and the incisions are closed with sutures or small adhesive strips
- A sterile bandage is applied to protect the area
Thanks to the small incisions, there is minimal tissue damage, which supports quicker healing and reduced post-operative pain.
- Two or three small incisions (about 1 cm each) are made near the knee
- Immediate Post-Surgery Care
After the surgery, you’ll be moved to a recovery area where your vital signs will be monitored as the anesthesia wears off.
You may experience:
- Mild pain or swelling around the knee
- Numbness due to local anesthesia
- Tightness or stiffness in the joint
Most patients are discharged within a few hours with detailed post-operative instructions.
Your doctor will prescribe:
- Painkillers or anti-inflammatory medications
- Instructions on elevating the leg and using ice packs
- Details on using crutches, if needed, to avoid putting weight on the knee
- Follow-up appointments and wound care tips
- Mild pain or swelling around the knee
- Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery time depends on the procedure done inside the knee and your overall health. Most people can resume light activities within a few days. However, full recovery can take anywhere from 2 to 6 weeks, or longer in cases involving ligament repairs.
Rehabilitation often includes:
- Physical therapy sessions to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion
- Gradual weight-bearing exercises, under medical supervision
- Avoiding high-impact activities like running or jumping until cleared by your doctor
Your orthopedic specialist will guide you through each phase of recovery to ensure the best outcome.
- Physical therapy sessions to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion
Conclusion
The knee arthroscopy surgery process is straightforward, safe, and effective when performed by an experienced orthopedic team. From a careful diagnosis to a minimally invasive procedure and a structured recovery plan, the goal is to relieve pain, improve mobility, and restore knee function.
Understanding each step of the process can help ease concerns and allow you to approach the surgery with greater confidence. If you’re dealing with unresolved knee issues, consulting a specialist can help you decide whether arthroscopy is the right path for your joint health.
