Types of Cyst Removal Surgery

Cysts are common growths or sacs that can form anywhere in the body. While most cysts are benign and harmless, some may cause discomfort, pain, or cosmetic concerns, prompting the need for medical removal. Types of Cyst removal surgery is a widely performed procedure and varies depending on the type, location, and nature of the cyst.

What Is a Cyst?

A cyst is a closed sac-like structure filled with fluid, pus, or other material. It can appear on the skin, organs, tissues, or bones. While some cysts are formed due to infections, clogged sebaceous glands, or chronic inflammatory conditions, others may develop as a result of underlying health issues or genetic disorders.

Cysts can remain small and asymptomatic for years, but if they grow, become painful, or show signs of infection, surgical intervention is often the best course of action.

Types of Cyst Removal Surgery

1. Excisional Cyst Removal Surgery :- This is the most common surgical technique used for superficial cysts, especially those located on the skin such as sebaceous cysts, epidermoid cysts, or pilar cysts.
   Procedure
   • The area is cleaned and sterilized.
   • Local anesthesia is administered.
   • A small incision is made over the cyst.
   • The entire cyst wall or capsule is removed to prevent recurrence.
   • The wound is sutured and dressed.

   When It’s Used

   • Ideal for cysts on the scalp, face, neck, back, and other accessible areas.
   • Recommended when cysts become infected, inflamed, or cosmetically concerning.
   • This technique is relatively quick and offers a low risk of recurrence when the entire cyst wall is successfully extracted.
2. Laparoscopic Cyst Removal Surgery :- Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure often used for internal cysts, particularly ovarian cysts and some abdominal or pelvic cysts.
   Procedure
   • Performed under general anesthesia.
   • Small incisions are made near the abdomen or pelvic region.
   • A laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) is inserted to visualize the cyst.
   • Specialized surgical instruments are used to excise the cyst with precision.
   • Incisions are closed with sutures or surgical glue.

   When It’s Used

   • Commonly used for ovarian cysts, kidney cysts, or pelvic cysts.
   • Recommended when the cyst is large, painful, or affects organ function.
   • Laparoscopic cyst removal has the advantages of faster recovery, minimal scarring, and reduced postoperative discomfort compared to traditional open surgeries.
3. Aspiration and Drainage :- This is a less invasive option primarily used for fluid-filled cysts, such as breast cysts, Bartholin’s cysts, or certain liver and kidney cysts.
   Procedure
   • A fine needle is inserted into the cyst.
   • The fluid content is aspirated or drained.

   Sometimes, a sclerosant may be injected to shrink the cyst lining and reduce recurrence.
   When It’s Used

   • For diagnostic purposes or temporary relief.
   • When the cyst is uncomplicated and doesn’t require complete removal.

   While aspiration offers a quicker recovery, it’s worth noting that cysts often recur after this treatment, especially if the cyst wall is not removed.

4. Marsupialization :- Marsupialization is a surgical technique used primarily for Bartholin’s cysts or abscesses in the vaginal or perineal region.
   Procedure
   • The cyst is opened and drained.
   • The edges of the cyst wall are sutured to the skin, creating a permanent opening.
   • This allows continuous drainage and prevents future blockages.

   When It’s Used

   • Suitable for recurrent or infected Bartholin’s gland cysts.
   • Preferred when other conservative treatments have failed.
   • This method allows for natural healing while minimizing the risk of cyst recurrence.
5. Ovarian Cystectomy :- An ovarian cystectomy involves the removal of cysts from the ovary while preserving the ovary itself, which is crucial for women of childbearing age.
   Procedure
   • Often done laparoscopically.
   • General anesthesia is used.
   • The cyst is carefully separated from ovarian tissue.
   • Bleeding is controlled, and the ovary is reconstructed if necessary.

   When It’s Used

   • For benign ovarian cysts such as dermoid cysts, endometriomas, or functional cysts.
   • To address symptoms like pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, or infertility.

   This procedure ensures the removal of problematic cysts while maintaining hormonal and reproductive functions.

6. Pilonidal Cyst Surgery :- Pilonidal cysts are found near the tailbone and often become infected, forming painful abscesses.
   Procedure Options
   • Incision and drainage :- Temporary relief from abscess.
   • Excision :- Complete removal of the cyst and sinus tract.
   • Flap procedures :- Used for recurrent or extensive cases to promote better healing.

   When It’s Used

   • For chronic or recurrent pilonidal disease.
   • When conservative management fails.

   Pilonidal cyst surgery requires diligent post-op care to prevent infection and promote healing.

7. Ganglion Cyst Excision :- Ganglion cysts typically develop along tendons or joints of the wrists, hands, ankles, or feet. While benign, they may restrict movement or cause discomfort.
   Procedure
   • Usually performed under local anesthesia.
   • A small incision is made, and the cyst along with its stalk is removed.
   • Recovery is relatively fast, with minimal downtime.

   When It’s Used

   • When the cyst is painful, limits function, or recurs after aspiration.
   • Removing the root or stalk of the ganglion cyst helps reduce recurrence significantly.
8. Dermoid Cyst Removal :- Dermoid cysts are congenital cysts that contain tissues like hair, skin, or teeth. These cysts can appear in the ovaries, spine, or skin.
   Procedure
   • Depending on location, the surgery may be laparoscopic or open.
   • In the case of spinal dermoid cysts, a neurosurgical approach is required.
   • Complete removal is essential to prevent complications or recurrence.

   When It’s Used

   • When the cyst is large, painful, or poses a risk of rupture or infection.
   • Due to their complex nature, dermoid cyst removal often requires a multidisciplinary approach

Conclusion

Cyst removal surgeries are highly individualized procedures tailored to the type, size, and location of the cyst, as well as the patient’s symptoms and overall health. Whether it’s a simple skin cyst or a complex ovarian or spinal dermoid, modern surgical techniques provide safe and effective treatment options with high success rates.

Early diagnosis, timely consultation with a specialist, and choosing the appropriate surgical method can make a significant difference in preventing complications and ensuring optimal outcomes.

If you suspect a cyst or have been diagnosed with one, it’s essential to discuss with your healthcare provider which type of surgery is right for you. With the right approach, cyst removal can bring long-term relief and peace of mind.