Causes of Deviated Nasal Septum

Introduction

A deviated nasal septum is a condition where the thin wall between your nostrils, called the septum, shifts to one side. While many people may not realize they have it, a deviated septum can cause nasal congestion, breathing difficulties, frequent sinus infections, and even sleep problems. Understanding the causes of a deviated nasal septum is essential for proper treatment and management.

Following are the causes of deviated nasal septum

1.  Congenital Factors :- Some individuals are born with a deviated nasal septum. During fetal development, the septum may not form symmetrically, leading to a deviation from birth. These congenital deviations are often mild and may not cause noticeable symptoms initially. However, in some cases, they can worsen with age or other environmental factors, affecting nasal airflow and sinus health.
2.  Nasal Injuries and Trauma :- One of the most common causes of a deviated septum is trauma to the nose. Injuries from sports, accidents, or falls can displace the nasal septum. Even minor injuries that seem insignificant can lead to long-term deviation. In adults, trauma is a frequent reason for sudden onset nasal obstruction, and early intervention is often necessary to prevent chronic complications.
3. Aging and Natural Changes :- The structure of the nose changes naturally as we age. Cartilage may weaken, and bone structure may shift slightly over time. These natural changes can cause or worsen a deviated septum, leading to increased nasal obstruction in older adults. While this cause is gradual, its effects can be significant, impacting breathing quality and overall nasal function.
4. Developmental Factors During Growth :- During childhood and adolescence, the nose continues to grow and develop. Sometimes, the septum may grow unevenly or shift during this period, resulting in deviation. Rapid growth spurts, combined with minor injuries or congenital predispositions, can exacerbate the problem. Parents should monitor children for signs of nasal obstruction, frequent snoring, or difficulty breathing through the nose.
5.  Infections and Chronic Sinus Conditions :- Although less common, chronic sinus infections and inflammation can contribute to septal deviation over time. Persistent swelling of nasal tissues may put pressure on the septum, gradually pushing it out of alignment. This is particularly relevant for individuals suffering from allergic rhinitis or chronic sinusitis, where ongoing inflammation can impact nasal structure.
6. Lifestyle and Environmental Factors :- Certain environmental and lifestyle factors may indirectly influence the development of a deviated septum. Continuous exposure to irritants like smoke, dust, and pollution can lead to inflammation, while habitual mouth breathing or frequent nasal congestion may affect septum positioning over time. Though not direct causes, these factors can worsen existing deviations or amplify symptoms.

Impact of a Deviated Nasal Septum

A deviated septum doesn’t always require treatment, but when severe, it can significantly affect your quality of life. Common symptoms include:

• Chronic nasal congestion
• Difficulty breathing through one or both nostrils
• Frequent sinus infections
• Nosebleeds
• Snoring and sleep disturbances

If left untreated, severe deviation can lead to chronic sinusitis, headaches, and even facial pain. Understanding the underlying cause is crucial in determining the appropriate treatment, which may include medications, nasal sprays, or corrective surgery called septoplasty.

When to Consult a Doctor

It’s important to seek medical advice if you experience persistent nasal obstruction, frequent sinus infections, or trouble sleeping due to nasal issues. An ENT specialist can evaluate the severity of the deviation through a physical examination or imaging studies and recommend personalized treatment options.

Conclusion

A deviated nasal septum can result from congenital factors, injuries, growth patterns, aging, infections, and lifestyle influences. While some deviations remain asymptomatic, others can significantly impact breathing and overall well-being. Early detection and proper management are key to preventing complications and improving nasal health. If you suspect you have a deviated septum, consulting an ENT specialist can help restore optimal breathing and enhance your quality of life.