Introduction
Dengue fever can be described as a virus transmitted by mosquitoes that affects millions all over the world, primarily in subtropical and tropical regions. The virus responsible for the disease is dengue (DENV) that can be transmitted via bites of females infected by Aedes mosquitoes dengue fever may be mild or even life-threatening, threatening illnesses like dengue hemorrhagic disease (DHF) as well as dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The early detection of the disease, proper medical treatment, as well as preventive steps are essential in preventing and controlling the illness.
Causes of Dengue Fever
Dengue illness is brought on by dengue virus that has the following four serotypes: DENV-1 DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. One can contract dengue by any of the serotypes and subsequent infections that are caused by different serotypes increase the chance of serious complications. The virus is spread via bites from Aedes of aegypti as well as Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, who are active in the the early morning and later in the afternoon. They reproduce within stagnant sources of water, such like flowerpots garbage tires, water containers with open sides and blocked drains.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
The symptoms of dengue fever typically manifest within 4 to 10, days after being at risk by a mosquito. The severity of the symptoms can vary and ranges from mild flu-like symptoms to life-threatening illnesses. The most common symptoms are:
1. High fever :- A sudden fever that reaches the temperature of 104degF (40degC) or higher.
2. Extreme Headaches :- Pain that is intense, particularly around the eyes.
3. Muscle and Joint pain :- It is often described as “break bone fever” due to extreme body pain.
4. Skin Rash :- The rash could appear red in 2 to 5 days after the first onset of fever.
5. Nausea and vomiting :- A loss of appetite, frequent vomiting and nausea.
6. Weakness and fatigue :- Extreme tiredness along with general fatigue.
Severe Symptoms Indicating Dengue Complications
In certain instances, dengue fever can progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which require medical attention immediately. The most severe symptoms are:
1. Severe abdominal pain :- An indication for internal bleeding damage to organs.
2. Persistent vomiting:- IT can increase the chance of dehydration.
3. Bleeding Signs :- Nosebleeds, gum bleeding, stool or vomit containing blood.
4. Difficulty breathing :- A build-up of fluids within the lungs can lead to breathlessness.
5. Extreme fatigue and weakness :- Signs of a recurrence.
In the event that any one of these symptoms are present, seeking urgent medical attention is crucial to avoid the possibility of fatal complications.
Diagnosis of Dengue Fever
An early and precise diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment and treatment in the case of dengue fever. Healthcare professionals utilize a combination of symptoms in the clinic and tests in the laboratory to confirm dengue-related illness. The most commonly used diagnostic tests are:
1. Test for NS1 :- Tests for dengue virus at the beginning stages of the infection.
2. A PCR test (Polymerase Chain Reaction) :- Identifies the presence genetic material from viruses.
3. Dengue IgM & IgG Antibody Tests :- Determines past or recent dengue infections.
4. Complete Blood Count (CBC) :- Monitors the levels of platelets and white blood cells count to determine the degree of infection.
Treatment of Dengue Fever
There isn’t a specific antiviral medicine that can treat dengue fever. Treatment is focused on prevent complications by providing treatment that is supportive:
1. Hydration :- Drinking plenty of fluids is vital to avoid dehydration and to maintain electrolyte balance.
2. Pain Relief :- The most popular is Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is recommended to reduce fever and pain. Avoid Ibuprofen and aspirin since they increase the chance of bleeding.
3. Monitor and Rest :- Resting enough can aid in speedier recovery. Doctors check platelet levels as well as other important parameters.
4. Hospitalization :- In the most severe of situations, hospitalization is needed to receive the administration of intravenous (IV) fluids as well as blood transfusions and oxygen therapy.
5. Close Monitoring of Symptoms :- Regular medical checks allow for early detection of any complications and prompt medical intervention.
Prevention of Dengue Fever
The best way to prevent dengue fever is to control the breeding of mosquitoes and protecting people from bites from mosquitoes. Preventive measures that work include:
1. Mosquito Control Strategies :-
- Eliminate breeding grounds :- Remove regularly stagnant water from flowers, old tires or water tank storage containers.
- Utilize larvicides :- Use larvicides to apply chemical repellents on water sources with standing water to stop the breeding of mosquitoes.
- Fogging and spraying :- Local health officials apply insecticide fogging to lower mosquito populations in areas at risk.
2. Personal Protection Measures
- Utilize the Mosquito Repellents :- Use repellents made of DEET on skin exposed and clothing.
- Wear protective Clothing :- Long-sleeved shirts as well as long pants and socks can reduce the risk of getting mosquito bites.
- Utilize Mosquito Nets :- Use Mosquito Nets Sleeping in the insecticide treated nets (ITNs) helps prevent bites, particularly for infants and children.
- Install screens for Windows as well as Doors :- To stop mosquitoes from entering workplaces and homes.
3. Dengue Vaccination :- Certain countries provide dengue vaccines like Dengvaxia that gives you immunity to different types of dengue viruses. It is however recommended only for people with a prior dengue infections. Talk to a physician about the eligibility criteria and advice regarding dengue vaccination.
When to Seek Medical Help?
Get medical attention immediately for one of these symptoms
1. Extreme abdominal pain :- It could be a sign of internal bleeding.
2. Persistent vomiting :- It can lead to an increase in dehydration and a worsening of illness.
3. Bleeding symptoms :- Nosebleeds, gum bleeding or bloody stool/ vomit are signs of trouble.
4. Difficulty breathing :- It suggests fluid buildup in the lungs, or an infection.
5. Extreme Fatigue :- Drowsiness and weakness could be a sign of worsening symptoms and require urgent attention.
Conclusion
Dengue fever is a serious global health issue, especially in areas with large mosquito populations. Although there isn’t a particular cure, early detection proper treatment and preventive measures can greatly minimize the severity of complications and even deaths. Community involvement, public awareness in mosquito control efforts and personal security strategies are vital to halting spreading dengue. If you suspect that you have dengue fever, consult a physician immediately for a quick and swift recovery.
