Urinary tract conditions can be distressing, mainly when symptoms like painful urination, blood in urine, or persistent bladder discomfort occur. For many of these issues, a cystoscopy procedure might be the key to accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Cystoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that provides direct visualization of the bladder and urethra, enabling doctors to identify and treat various urinary tract conditions.
What is Cystoscopy Surgery?
Cystoscopy surgery is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera (called a cystoscope) to examine the inside of the bladder, urethra, and other parts of the urinary tract. It is performed either under local or general anaesthesia, depending on the nature of the condition being addressed.
During the procedure, the cystoscope is inserted through the urethra, allowing the surgeon to visualize abnormalities such as bladder stones, tumours, infections, or structural blockages. If necessary, small surgical instruments can be used to remove tumours, take tissue samples, or clear blockages.
When is Cystoscopy Needed?
Cystoscopy is commonly recommended when patients experience symptoms like:
- Painful urination :- Burning sensations or pain during urination can be a sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) or bladder stone.
- Blood in the urine (hematuria) :- The presence of blood in urine may indicate a serious underlying condition, such as bladder cancer or kidney stones.
- Recurrent urinary tract infections :- Frequent UTIs may point to an anatomical issue that a cystoscopy can help diagnose.
- Urinary retention or incomplete emptying of the bladder :- Difficulty urinating or frequent urges to urinate can suggest a blockage or narrowing of the urethra.
- Unexplained pelvic pain or discomfort :- Chronic bladder or pelvic pain can be caused by a variety of issues, including bladder stones, tumours, or inflammation.
Cystoscopy helps doctors get a clear view of the internal structures of the bladder and urethra to determine the exact cause of the symptoms.
Types of Cystoscopy Procedures
There are two primary types of cystoscopy procedures:
- Flexible Cystoscopy :- This is a minimally invasive procedure often used for diagnostic purposes. The flexible cystoscope is thin and more comfortable, making it ideal for routine examinations. It is commonly used to check for infections, small tumours, or bladder stones.
- Rigid Cystoscopy :- This procedure uses a more rigid cystoscope, which offers better control during more complex treatments. It is often used for procedures such as removing bladder stones, biopsying tumours, or inserting stents.
Both procedures can be done in a doctor’s office or outpatient clinic and typically do not require a hospital stay.
How is Cystoscopy Performed?
Cystoscopy is typically performed under local anaesthesia, which numbs the area around the urethra, though general anaesthesia may be used for more invasive procedures. Here’s what you can expect during the procedure:
- Preparation :- You will be asked to empty your bladder before the procedure. The healthcare provider will then insert the cystoscope through your urethra and into the bladder.
- Examination :- The camera at the end of the cystoscope allows the doctor to examine the interior of the bladder and urethra. A saline solution may be introduced into the bladder to help expand it, offering a clearer view.
- Treatment :- If an abnormality, such as a tumour, bladder stone, or blockage, is found, the doctor may use small instruments through the cystoscope to remove the issue or take biopsies. If a tumour is detected, a biopsy can be taken for further analysis.
- Completion :- The procedure typically lasts between 15-30 minutes. Once the examination and any necessary treatments are completed, the cystoscope is removed, and you can go home the same day.
Post-Procedure Care and Recovery
While cystoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure, it’s important to take care of your body afterwards to ensure a smooth recovery. Post-procedure care typically includes:
- Hydration :- Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out any remaining debris from the urinary tract.
- Discomfort :- Mild discomfort or a burning sensation during urination is common for a few days after the procedure. Pain medications prescribed by your doctor can help manage this.
- Follow-up :- A follow-up appointment is often scheduled to check your progress and discuss the results of any biopsies or treatments performed.
While most people recover quickly from cystoscopy, it’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions and report any unusual symptoms, such as fever, excessive pain, or difficulty urinating.
Risks and Complications
Like any medical procedure, cystoscopy does carry some risks. While complications are rare, they can include:
- Urinary tract infection (UTI) :- Although antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection, UTIs can occur in some cases.
- Bladder injury :- In rare instances, the bladder or urethra may be injured during the procedure, though this is uncommon.
- Hematuria :- Blood in the urine may occur for a short time after the procedure, which usually resolves on its own.
- Urethral stricture :- Scar tissue may form in the urethra, causing narrowing, but this is a rare complication.
When to See a Doctor?
While cystoscopy is often used to diagnose conditions, you should also see your doctor if you experience:
- Persistent or worsening symptoms after a urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Severe or worsening pelvic pain
- Difficulty urinating or painful urination
- Blood in the urine
- Frequent UTIs that don’t respond to treatment
Your doctor may recommend a cystoscopy to rule out or diagnose these underlying conditions.
Conclusion
Cystoscopy is a vital tool in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract conditions. Providing direct visualization of the bladder and urethra, it helps doctors accurately identify issues like bladder stones, tumors, infections, and blockages, leading to more effective treatments. If you’re experiencing urinary symptoms, consult with a healthcare provider to determine if cystoscopy is right for you. This minimally invasive procedure offers a quick recovery and can improve long-term urinary health.
