Introduction

Mitral valve Mitral Valve is essential in ensuring seamless, single-directional circulation of blood between the left atrium and the left ventricle inside the heart. If the valve is damaged or damaged it can disrupt the normal flow of blood, which can lead to heart-related complications that can be serious. In many instances surgery is the most effective — and often the only solution to reestablish proper heart function.

1. Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Mitral valve regurgitation is among the most frequently cited reasons to require Mitral valve surgeries.

The reason :- When this happens the mitral valve fails to close completely and blood flows in the left atrium, when the left ventricle contract.
The reason it happens :- It could be caused by the prolapse of the mitral valve, disease, heart attacks or even congenital problems. In time the backflow of blood makes the heart perform more efficiently, leading to the heart expanding and eventually failure.
What happens when it leads to surgery :- If medication is no longer effective in controlling symptoms, or if the heart starts to weaken, a procedure for repair of or replacement of the valve is imperative to avoid irreparable heart damage.

2. Mitral Valve Stenosis

Mitral valve Stentosis is the shrinking of the mitral valve’s opening.

The result :- The valve leaflets are thicker, stiffer, or bonded, reducing circulation of blood from left atrium to the left ventricle.
What causes it :- The most prevalent reason for this is Rheumatic fever as a result that is not treated for strep throat. In advanced countries age-related calcification may cause the condition known as stenosis.
What causes it to require surgery :- Mitral stenosis severe decreases the ability of the heart to efficiently circulate blood which can cause atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension as well as heart failure. In these instances surgery is required to clear the blockage as well as restore the normal circulation of blood.

3. Mitral Valve Prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is an illness in which either or both leaflets of the valve protrude backward towards the left atrium as they contract.

How does it happen :- If it happens: While MVP is generally harmless, it may cause significant mitral regurgitation.
The reason it happens :- It could result from connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome or an inheritance issue. The structural weaknesses weaken the support structures of the valve.
What happens when it leads to surgery :- If MVP results in severe regurgitation, accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, breathlessness or arrhythmias, a surgical repairs or replacements of the valve are necessary to avoid heart failure.

4. Rheumatic Heart Disease

Heart disease rheumatica is a significant source of problems with the mitral valve especially in regions in the globe where health attention is not as readily available.

How does it work? :- Rheumatic fever triggers an immune response which damages the mitral valve, which causes it to get thicker or scarred. It can also become fused, or even scarred.
The reason it happens :- It’s due to an inadvertent or badly managed the throat infections caused by streptococcal.
The process that leads to surgery :- As time passes the damaged valve will become either regurgitant or stenotic which can seriously affect the heart’s function. If medication isn’t able to manage symptoms or prevent the condition from getting worse the condition, surgery is required to repair or replace the valve.

5. Congenital Heart Defects

A few individuals have been born with disorders in the Mitral valve’s structure.

How does it work? :- The valve could be misshaped, too small, has extra tissue, or be missing parts.
The reason it happens :- The defects are triggered during the development of the fetus. They may not manifest at a later time, when the heart’s workload is increased.
What causes it to surgery :- When congenital valve defects result in significant leakage or obstruction, surgical repair of the mitral valve during either adulthood or childhood is necessary to maintain normal blood flow and avoid heart failure.

6. Infective Endocarditis

The condition known as infectious endocarditis is an heart infection that affects the inner lining. It is often due to bacteria.

How does it work? :- What happens is that the bacteria adhere onto the valve mitral and cause the destruction of tissue in valves, development of plants (clumps of cells and bacteria) and perforations or ruptures of the valve leaflets.
The reason it happens :- It is most often seen in patients with valve problems, weak immune systems or following surgery that is invasive and without proper anti-biotic prophylaxis.
What causes it to surgery :- The destruction of the valve caused by infection may cause a sudden life-threatening regurgitation. Surgery for mitral valves in emergencies is typically required to remove affected tissue and restore the function of the valve.

7. Degenerative (Age-Related) Changes

As we age, our heart valves could change naturally.

How does it happen? :- The tissues in the mitral valve could be calcified, loose, or overly flexible, causing the valve to leak or stenosis.
The reason it happens :- This is a normal an aspect of the normal aging process, however it can be accelerated due to risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol.
What happens when it leads to surgery :- If degeneration is progressing until the valve ceases to function effectively and the symptoms begin to manifest the need for surgical repair or replacement is necessary to maintain heart function and overall quality of life.

8. Ischemic Heart Disease

Damage caused by cardiac attack can directly impact the mitral valve system.

The result :- When a heart attack occurs, it may weaken the muscles that support the mitral valve and lead to functional regurgitation.
What causes it :- Ischemia lowers the flow of blood to heart tissues, which includes the ones that regulate valve movements.
How does it lead to surgery :- If the function of the heart declines and medical treatment is not able to improve the condition of the patient Mitral valve surgery with coronary artery bypass could be suggested.

Conclusion

There are many causes that could trigger the necessity of mitral valve surgery. They range from degenerative and infectious changes to congenital defects as well as aging-related wear and tear. The recognition of the cause is essential since early detection will allow for better treatment options and improved surgical results.

When the mitral valve gets seriously damaged — due to regurgitation, stenosis or infection, or even structural problems — surgery is the best method in order to repair normal cardiac function. alleviate symptoms, and increase life expectancy.

If you or someone in your family are found to have mitral valve dysfunction or are suffering from symptoms such as fatigue, breathlessness, and swelling, then it’s essential to see an cardiologist.
Early intervention, which may include surgery if necessary, can dramatically enhance long-term health and the level of living.