Circumcision surgery refers to a medical procedure that involves the removal of the foreskin, the layer of skin that protects the penis head (glans) that is part of the penis. Although it has been practiced in use for centuries due to religious and spiritual reasons, circumcision also has medical significance in the modern world of medicine.

Circumcision is typically performed on newborns, however it may also be medically recommended for adult males who have problems with their foreskin. Thanks to advances in urology and surgical procedures, circumcision is now a secure and routine outpatient procedure with a short recovery time.

Why Circumcision Surgery is Performed

Circumcision isn’t just an act of worship or ritual, it is also a necessity to treat medical issues. Doctors might recommend circumcision surgery to treat or prevent certain medical conditions.

Medical Reasons for Circumcision Surgery:

Phimosis is a condition in which the skin around the forearms is tight and is unable to be pulled back across the glans.
Paraphimosis is when the foreskin that is retracted cannot return to its normal place it causes swelling and a reduction in blood flow.
Infections that are chronic – Recurring urinary tract infection (UTIs) also known as balanitis (inflammation in the penis).
Unhygienic genital hygiene – leading to chronic irritation or infection.
Sexual discomfort – pain during sexual relations because of tight foreskin.
Cancer prevention Penile cancer as well as some sexually transmitted diseases.
Circumcision surgery may be an option for permanent treatment of these problems in cases where other treatments do not work.

Symptoms That May Require Circumcision Surgery

If you’re suffering from health-related foreskin problems, certain signs could suggest the need for surgery.

Common Symptoms:

Insistent pain or discomfort the penis or foreskin
A redness or swelling at the penis’s edge
The foreskin is not retracting properly (phimosis)
A foul-smelling liquid is released from under the skin on the foreskin
Cracks or bleeding of the skin of the forearms
Pain during urination or sexual activity
Recurring infections despite medication

These signs and symptoms do not only impact the daily routine but cause long-term problems in the event of not being treated. In such instances the procedure of circumcision is usually the most successful treatment alternative.

Causes That May Lead to Circumcision Surgery

Top Medical Causes Include:

1. Phimosis (Tight Foreskin):
A very common problem for males and boys in which the foreskin is unable to retract usually because of congenital abnormality or scarring.

2. Balanitis or Posthitis:
Glans inflammation (balanitis) also known as foreskin (posthitis) usually due to poor hygiene, skin infections, or such as eczema.

3. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs):
Recurrent STIs like herpes, HPV or HIV could increase the chance of foreskin irritation as well as infection.

4. Diabetes Mellitus:
Diabetic men are more susceptible to fungal infections, such as candidiasis, which may be a problem for the penis and foreskin.

5. Penile Trauma or Scarring:
Previous injuries or the forceful pulling of a foreskin that is tight can result in scarring and chronic foreskin issues.
Understanding the causes of these problems can help Urologists decide if circumcision is the most effective option.

Diagnosis Before Circumcision Surgery

Before suggesting surgery, a doctor will perform an exhaustive examination to pinpoint the root cause behind the symptoms.
Diagnosis Process:

1. Physical Examination:
An examination physical and visual of the penis is used to determine the state of the skin.

2. Medical History:
Discussion of symptoms and frequent infections, hygiene habits sexual activity, and any prior treatments.

3. Urine Tests:
To determine if urinary tract infections are present or other underlying issues such as diabetes.

4. Swab Tests or Cultures:
To determine if there are fungal or bacterial infections in the foreskin.

5. Biopsy (rare cases):
If there are abnormal lesions or chronic inflammation tissue samples can be examined to confirm the absence of cancer.
When the diagnosis is confirmed to be due to medical reasons that the patient should be advised to undergo circumcision surgery.

Treatment for Circumcision Surgery

1. Pre-Surgery Preparation:

Prior to this procedure go through:

Assessment of the preoperative procedure
Discussion of the anesthesia (local and. general)
Tests for blood (if required)
Counseling for adults

2. Circumcision Surgery Procedure:

Duration 30-60 minutes
Setting: Outpatient or daycare procedure

a. Anesthesia:

Infants: Local anesthesia, or topical Numbing creams
Adults: local anesthesia accompanied by general anesthesia or sedation

B. Surgery Methods:

Traditional Surgical Excision Utilizing the scalpel to take off the skin from the foreskin
Laser Circumcision: Fast, precise, and with low bleeding
The Gomco or Plastibell Clamp (infants) (infants): bloodless methods that use clamping devices.

c. Suturing:
Dissolvable stitches are placed following the removal of the foreskin. Dressing is performed to prevent infections.

3. Post-Operative Care and Recovery:

a. Pain Management:

Oral painkillers
Cold compress (if recommended)

b. Wound Care:

Keep the area spotless and dry
Beware of tight-fitting clothing

Apply antibiotic ointments according to the prescription.

C. Recovery Time

Infants 5-10 days
Adults 2 to 4 weeks

Avoid the use of sexual activities and physical training for a minimum of 4 to 6 weeks.

4. Potential Risks (Rare):

Bleeding
Infection
Excessive skin removal
Healing is delayed

When it is performed by skilled surgeons, the chance of complications is extremely low.

Circumcision Surgery Cost in India

The cost for circumcision surgery in India will depend on the city and the type of hospital and the procedure technique.

Average Cost:

Traditional: Rs10,000 – Rs25,000
Laser Circumcision: Rs20,000 – Rs40,000
Insurance Coverage is generally provided if medically justified
Always speak with your doctor to receive a personalised estimation.

Conclusion

Circumcision surgery is a safe option for those who suffer from chronic issues with their foreskin and discomfort, as well as infections. Although it’s not a requirement to everyone but it can be crucial when conventional treatments fail, or when foreskin related ailments affect your health and your quality of life.

If you’re an adult who suffers from phimosis, or a parent in need of advice for your child or someone suffering from persistent penile infection, speaking with Urologists is the best initial step.

With the advancement of modern surgical techniques such as laser circumcision, less recovery times, and fewer complications, this time-tested procedure is still able to provide lasting health and hygiene benefits.