Introduction
Eczema, sometimes referred to Atopic Dermatitis is a recurring problem that impacts the skin of millions around the world. It causes itching, dryness, inflammation and skin irritation. Although eczema isn’t contagious however it can greatly impact the health of the affected. Knowing the various kinds of symptoms, signs, and complications can help patients to manage their condition better.
Types of Eczema
Eczema is a broad term used to describe a variety of skin conditions that can cause itching, redness, and swelling. The most frequent forms of eczema are:
1. Atopic Dermatitis :- Atopic dermatitis can be described as the most frequent and persistent type of eczema. It typically begins in childhood, but can continue throughout adulthood. The type of eczema that is described here is associated with the overactive immune system. It is usually related to allergies, hay fever and asthma.
Symptoms:
- Dry skin, scaly, and the appearance of red patches on skin
- Itching can be intense and get worse at night.
- Skin that is cracked or oozing
- The skin is thickened as a result of prolonged scratching
2. Contact Dermatitis :- Contact dermatitis is when the skin is irritated by an allergen or irritant. There are two kinds of contact dermatitis: irritant (caused due to exposure harsh or chemical substance) as well as allergic contact dermatitis (caused by allergens such as fragrances, nickel and latex).
Symptoms:
- Inflamed, red or swollen, red skin
- Itching or burning sensation
- Peeling or bludgeoning skin is common in extreme cases
- The rash is restricted to areas that are which are in contact with the irritant or allergen
3. Dyshidrotic Eczema :- Dyshidrotic eczema mostly affects the feet and hands, and is identified by tiny, itchy blisters. It is more prevalent among women than in men and can be caused by stress, allergens as well as exposure to specific metals such as nickel.
Symptoms:
- The blisters are filled with fluid and appear on palms, fingers and even the soles
- Burning, itching and discomfort
- Peeling or cracking skin when blisters heal
4. Nummular Eczema :- Nummular eczema, which is also known as discoid eczema is a form of eczema that creates coins-shaped, round spots that appear on your skin. These spots can be dry, itchy, or even leak fluid.
Symptoms:
- Circular or circular patches
- Burning or itchy sensations
- Lesion crusts or oozes
- Skin infections can be left untreated
5. Seborrheic Dermatitis :- Seborrheic skin inflammation is mostly a problem for the scalp, however it can also affect the face, ear and chest. It is believed to be caused by the overgrowth of yeast in the face.
Symptoms:
- Yellowish, gritty patches of skin
- Dandruff that is flaky on the scalp
- The skin is red and itchy.
- Itching, burning or mild
6. Stasis Dermatitis :- Stasis dermatitis is a common problem among people who have poor blood circulation, typically affecting the lower limbs. It is more common in older people and those suffering from varicose veins.
Symptoms:
- Legs swelling, particularly after a long period of standing
- Skin that is itchy and discolored
- Ulcers or open sores can be seen in the most severe of instances
- The skin thickens over time
Symptoms of Eczema
The signs and symptoms of eczema differ dependent on the severity and type that the condition is afflicted with. But, the most typical symptoms across all types of eczema include:
1. Itching :- Itching is among the most abrasive symptoms Itching can be moderate to intense and typically gets worse at night.
2. Inflammation and Redness :- Affected skin areas appear red, swollen and inflamed as a result of the body’s immune system.
3. Dry and skin that is scaly :- The skin may be extremely dry, flaky and rough.
4. Bleeding and Cracks :- Severe dryness can cause painful cracks that may then bleed.
5. Crusting and Oozing :- In certain cases the eczema virus can trigger blisters that release liquid and then form crusts.
6. Thickened skin :- Persistent scratching can cause the skin becoming thicker, more leathery the condition is called the process of lichenification.
Complications of Eczema
If untreated or poorly treated, eczema could cause a variety of complications, such as:
1. Skin Infections :-The scratching of the affected areas could cause skin damage, which makes it more prone to viral, bacterial, or fungal infection. The signs of infection are increased swelling, redness, pus-filled blisters heat, and fever.
2. Sleep Disturbances :- The recurring itching caused by eczema can disrupt sleep, causing anxiety, irritability and reduced concentration.
3. Psychological Impact :- Eczema sufferers can be a stressful experience that can lead to depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem in extreme cases.
4. Allergic Reactions :- Eczema sufferers often have an allergy to specific substances, foods or products for skincare, which can trigger flare-ups.
5. Eczema Herpeticum :- This is a serious viral infection that is caused by the herpes simplex virus. It can cause painless blisters, fever and swelling of lymph nodes. It demands urgent medical attention.
6. Hand Dermatitis :- Hands with eczema may make everyday tasks more difficult particularly for people who work with hands that require frequent washing or exposure to irritating substances.
7. Eye Complications :- Eye eczema that is severe could cause irritation, conjunctivitis or even vision problems if treated appropriately.
Conclusion
Eczema can be a complex disease that can be found in many forms that each pose their particular difficulties. Although there isn’t a cure but a proper skin care regimen as well as lifestyle changes as well as medical treatment can help control symptoms and avoid complications. If you have an ongoing or severe case of eczema it is important to speak with dermatologists to get a clear diagnosis and a customized treatment strategy.
