Procedure in Lasik Surgery

Introduction

LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) is a popular type of refractive eye surgery that aims to correct vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. It works by reshaping the cornea so that light entering the eye is properly focused onto the retina. This Lasik surgery has gained immense popularity over the years due to its precision, minimal discomfort, and fast recovery time. The process of LASIK surgery involves multiple stages from pre-surgical evaluations to the actual laser procedure and postoperative care. Understanding Procedure in Lasik Surgery can help alleviate any anxieties and provide a clearer picture of what to expect during this corrective vision journey.

Procedure in Lasik Surgery

1. Preoperative Assessment and Consultation :- The first stage involves an extensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist to determine whether the patient is an ideal candidate for LASIK surgery. This includes testing corneal thickness, pupil size, refractive error, and overall eye health. Advanced scanning tools such as corneal topography and wave front analysis are often used to create a detailed map of the cornea. Patients are advised to stop wearing contact lenses a few days or weeks before the evaluation, depending on the lens type, to allow the cornea to return to its natural shape. This step ensures the precision of diagnostic measurements and increases the chances of successful outcomes.
2. Numbing and Preparation :- On the day of the surgery, numbing eye drops are administered to minimize discomfort during the procedure. The area around the eyes is cleaned thoroughly, and a lid speculum is used to keep the eye open. Patients remain awake throughout the procedure, although a mild sedative may be given to reduce anxiety. The surgeon then uses a marker to outline the corneal area to be treated and confirms the positioning and calibration of the laser systems. Once all pre-op preparations are complete, the patient is moved to the surgical suite where the laser procedure is conducted.
3. Creation of the Corneal Flap :- The next critical step is the creation of a thin flap in the cornea. This is typically done using a femtosecond laser or a microkeratome blade. The flap is carefully lifted and folded back to expose the underlying corneal tissue (the stroma). This flap acts like a natural bandage, helping the eye heal faster and more comfortably after the procedure. The precision in this step is vital, as an uneven flap can lead to complications or affect the final visual outcome. The process is painless due to the numbing drops, although patients may feel slight pressure during flap creation.
4. Reshaping the Cornea :- Once the flap is lifted, the excimer laser is used to reshape the corneal tissue based on the patient’s specific vision correction needs. lasik surgery emits cool ultraviolet light that removes microscopic amounts of tissue from the cornea to correct its curvature. The reshaping process typically takes less than a minute per eye. The laser is programmed using the data collected during the preoperative assessments, ensuring a high level of accuracy. During this step, patients are asked to focus on a target light to help maintain steady eye positioning.
5. Replacing the Flap :- After the cornea is reshaped, the surgeon gently repositions the corneal flap over the treated area. The flap naturally adheres to the underlying tissue without the need for stitches, thanks to the eye’s inherent suction and healing properties. The surgeon checks for proper alignment and smoothness to ensure the flap lies flat and securely. Once in place, the flap acts as a natural protective layer, reducing postoperative discomfort and accelerating the healing process.
6. Immediate Postoperative Monitoring :- Following the surgery, patients are moved to a recovery area where their eyes are briefly examined. Protective shields are placed over the eyes to prevent accidental rubbing or contact. The patient is usually discharged within an hour, with instructions to rest and avoid activities that could strain the eyes. Although vision may be blurry initially, many patients experience noticeable improvement within 24 hours. Eye drops, including antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, are prescribed to prevent infection and promote healing. Patients are advised to avoid water exposure and dusty environments for the first few days.
7. Follow-Up and Recovery :- A follow-up visit is typically scheduled within 24 to 48 hours after surgery to assess the healing process and measure visual improvements. Most patients are able to return to work and normal activities within a few days. Additional follow-ups may be arranged over the next few weeks to monitor progress and address any concerns. While significant improvement is often seen early on, it may take up to 3 to 6 months for vision to stabilize completely. Patients should continue to attend all scheduled appointments and follow their surgeon’s care instructions diligently.

Conclusion

The process of LASIK surgery is a streamlined and highly advanced procedure that offers lasting benefits for those seeking freedom from glasses or contact lenses. From the initial consultation to the postoperative follow-ups, each step is designed to maximize safety, comfort, and visual clarity. Thanks to technological advancements and skilled surgical teams, LASIK continues to be a safe and effective solution for millions of individuals worldwide. Understanding the process can empower patients to make informed decisions and approach their vision correction journey with confidence.