Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorders are a complicated mental health issue that manifests as extreme mood swings that can fluctuate from emotional highs (mania and hypomania) to deep lows (depression). These mood swings can alter the person’s thinking, behavior energy levels, and capacity to perform. 

The condition involves episodes of extreme highs, known as mania or hypomania, and lows, known as depression. These episodes can last for days, weeks, or even longer, and can impair everything from relationships and work performance to self care and physical health. Unfortunately, because the symptoms can overlap with other conditions such as depression, anxiety, or even personality disorders many people with bipolar disorder remain undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed for years.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder, also called manic depressive illness, influences how an individual is feeling, thinks, and behaves. It’s a chronic condition that typically manifests in the latter half of adolescence or adulthood, although it can occur at any age.

There are many types of bipolar disorder. These include Bipolar I, Bipolar II as well as Cyclothymic Disorder with each one varying in the severity and pattern of mood fluctuations. The most prominent feature however, is the periodic occurrences of depression and mania/hypomania.

Symptoms of Mania (or Hypomania)

Mania refers to a time that is markedly elevated in mood as well as energy and levels of activity. If you suffer from Bipolar I disorders, manic attacks become more severe and could need hospitalization. Hypomania, which is seen as a symptom of Bipolar II disorder is less severe version of manic symptoms, but is visible and a source of disruption.

Common Symptoms of Mania Include

In the course of a manic episode individuals can show a high level of energy and less need to sleep. They speak fast and flit from one idea to the next, and display an exaggerated sense of self-confidence. They may appear harmless at first, but they could lead to dangerous decisions and unpredictable behavior.

For instance, an impulsive behavior, such as over spending or gambling, reckless driving or engaging in sexually inappropriate behavior. The illusion of greatness or unrealistic expectations about one’s capabilities can also occur. In extreme cases, mania may result in psychosis, a condition where the individual loses the ability to see reality.

Although some might view manic episodes as a sign of greater productivity or creativity but the results could be harmful, especially if the judgment of others is compromised.

Symptoms of Depression in Bipolar Disorder

The depressive stage of bipolar disorder echoes the signs of major depression disorder. It can be debilitating and affect an individual’s ability to do daily tasks, maintain relationships and care for their own needs.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

People who suffer from bipolar depression frequently suffer from a constant sense of sadness, despair or feelings of emptiness. They might lose interest in the activities they used to enjoy and may become isolated from families and friends. Low energy, fatigue, and sleepiness are all common as are shifts in eating habits and body weight.

The ability to focus becomes difficult and some people may feel guilty or ashamed about issues they’re not responsible for. In extreme cases thoughts of suicide or suicide could be triggered. In contrast to unipolar depression that is bipolar, bipolar depression may occur after or be preceded by episodes of hypomania or mania. The change between manic and depressive states can be very unpredictable which makes it challenging for those suffering from the condition to take care of everyday responsibilities, without treatment.

1. Mixed Episodes :- In certain instances, people might suffer mixed instances that are characterized by symptoms of mania and depression occur at the same time. This can be extremely difficult and confusing, since one may feel anxious and energetic, yet utterly despairing at the same time.For instance, someone might be prone to racing thoughts and be extremely active, but feel depleted or suicidal. A mix of episodes increases the chance of taking impulsive action and need immediate medical attention.
2. Changes in Sleep Patterns :- A very prominent first signs of bipolar disorder is a change in sleep. During manic periods, people may feel refreshed after several hours of sleep or may even be awake for long periods of time without feeling exhausted. Contrary to this depression episodes typically result in excessive sleep or sleepiness.Sleep patterns that are irregular do not just reflect mood, but they can also trigger or worsen the symptoms of bipolar. The ability to maintain a consistent sleeping schedule is usually a crucial aspect in managing the condition.
3. Irritability and Mood Instability :- Many people associate mania with euphoria. However, a lot of people with bipolar disorder suffer from anxiety and irritability in both depressive and manic periods. Extreme mood swings may occur in the course of days or hours and can confuse people in their vicinity.For example, someone might feel like they are in the top of the world at the beginning of the day and be incredibly stressed or angry in the evening. The emotional turmoil can strain relationships, impact the performance of work, and even result in social isolation.
4. Impaired Judgment and Risky Behavior :- In manic or hypomanic instances, the ability to make decisions is frequently impaired. Individuals may be prone to reckless behavior without considering the consequences. It could be due to the use of drugs, a sexually unsafe behavior, spending too much or even quitting work in a hurry.These are not just imperfections in character They are symptoms of a brain disorder that interferes with the control of impulses. Family members may be aware of these changes even before the individual is aware of the effects.
5. Psychotic Symptoms in Severe Cases :- In certain instances in Bipolar I disorder depressive or manic episodes can become so severe as to lead to the psychosis. The symptoms of psychosis are visions (seeing as well as hearing objects that’re not actual) or delusions (false belief systems that aren’t grounded on reality).For instance, someone who is in the midst of a manic episode may believe that they possess special powers or have a special mission from an ascended being. When depressed, delusions could trigger feeling guilty or thinking they’re being punished. These signs require immediate psychiatric examination.

Differences Between Bipolar I and Bipolar II

Both forms of bipolar disorder are characterized by mood shifts however, they differ in their intensity and duration. Bipolar I includes full blown manic episodes usually accompanied by major depression. Bipolar II includes hypermania (less severe than the mania) and periodic periods of depression.

As hypomania is often confused with the high level of productivity or happiness, Bipolar II is often mistakenly diagnosed as depression by itself. This may delay the proper treatment and deteriorate the long-term outlook.

When to Seek Help?

In the event that you, or someone in your circle exhibits symptoms of bipolar disorder particularly extreme fluctuations in mood, uncontrollable behaviour, or suicidal thoughts It is essential to seek help from a professional. A psychologist or psychiatrist will be able to evaluate the signs through questions, clinical interviews and medical history.

An early diagnosis and a combination of treatment, medication and lifestyle adjustments will greatly improve the long-term outcome. If untreated, bipolar disorders can cause worsening symptoms, addiction to substances as well as financial difficulties and broken relationships.

Conclusion

Bipolar disorder can be a very serious but treatable mental health issue. Recognizing the signs and symptoms ranging from extreme highs and depressive lows is the first step in taking care of the condition. With the correct treatment and guidance, people who suffer from bipolar disorder are able to live a happy, stable life.