Treatment of Ingrown Toenails Surgery

Introduction

Ingrown toenails are one of the most common and painful foot problems affecting people of all ages. When the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin, it leads to swelling, redness, discomfort, and in severe cases, infection. While mild cases can be managed with home remedies, chronic or recurring ingrown toenails often require medical treatment including ingrown toenail surgery.

What Is an Ingrown Toenail?

An ingrown toenail occurs when the corner or side of the toenail grows into the soft flesh surrounding it. The big toe is most commonly affected. The condition can cause pain, tenderness, swelling, and sometimes pus or discharge if an infection develops.

Common causes include

1. Improper nail trimming
2. Tight shoes or high heels
3. Toe injury
4. Genetic nail shape
5. Fungal infections
6. Excessive sweating

If the pain persists, home remedies may not be enough, and medical treatment becomes essential.

When Is Surgery Needed for Ingrown Toenails?

Surgery for ingrown toenails is recommended when

1. Pain continues despite home care
2. There are repeated episodes
3. There is severe swelling or infection
4. The nail is thick, curved, or deformed
5. Walking becomes difficult due to pain

Doctors usually examine the toe and determine whether conservative treatment or surgical intervention is needed.

Non-Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenails Surgery Options

Before opting for surgery, your doctor may try non-invasive treatments such as

• Warm salt water soaks
• Antibiotic creams
• Wearing open or wider shoes
• Lifting the nail edge using cotton or splints
• Oral antibiotics for infection

However, if the nail continues to dig into the skin or infection keeps returning, surgery becomes the most effective option.

Types of Ingrown Toenail Surgery

Ingrown toenail surgery is usually a quick, minimally-invasive procedure done under local anesthesia. The main types include

1. Partial Nail Avulsion (PNA) :- This is the most common surgical method. The doctor removes only the ingrown portion of the nail. It relieves pain immediately and prevents the nail from pressing on the skin.
2. Total Nail Avulsion :- In more severe cases, the entire nail is removed. This is usually recommended when the nail is significantly thickened, damaged, or infected.
3. Matrixectomy (Root Removal) :- To prevent the ingrown portion from growing back, the doctor may remove or destroy part of the nail root (matrix). This can be done using chemicals (phenol), laser, or surgical excision.
   Matrixectomy offers a permanent solution for recurring ingrown toenails.

How Is Ingrown Toenail Surgery Performed?

The procedure typically takes 15–30 minutes and follows these steps

1. Local anesthesia is given to numb the toe.
2. The doctor cleans the area thoroughly.
3. The ingrown section of the nail (or the entire nail) is removed.
4. If needed, the nail root is removed or treated to prevent regrowth.
5. The toe is dressed with bandages.

Patients can walk immediately after the procedure but may need to avoid strenuous activities for a few days.

Benefits of Ingrown Toenail Surgery

1. Immediate relief from pain
2. Reduces swelling and infection
3. Prevents future recurrence
4. Quick procedure with minimal discomfort
5. Ideal for chronic or severe cases

Most patients return to normal routines within 1–2 days.

Post-Surgery Care and Recovery

Proper aftercare helps in faster healing and prevents complications. Doctors usually advise

1. Keep the dressing clean and dry for 24–48 hours
2. Soak the foot in warm salt water after the first two days
3. Use prescribed antibiotic ointment
4. Wear loose or open footwear
5. Avoid strenuous exercise or sports for 1–2 weeks
6. Keep the foot elevated if swelling occurs

Healing generally takes 2–3 weeks, depending on the procedure performed.

Possible Risks or Complications

While the surgery is safe, minor risks include

1. Infection
2. Temporary discomfort
3. Nail regrowth (if root is not fully removed)
4. Rare allergic reactions to anesthesia

Choosing an experienced podiatrist or foot surgeon greatly minimizes these risks.

Preventing Ingrown Toenails After Surgery

To avoid future issues

1. Trim nails straight across
2. Avoid cutting nails too short
3. Wear comfortable, wide-toe footwear
4. Keep feet clean and dry
5. Manage foot infections promptly

Good foot hygiene can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence.

Conclusion

Ingrown toenail surgery is a safe, effective, and quick solution for painful or recurring cases. With proper treatment and care, patients can enjoy long-term relief and resume daily activities without discomfort. Whether you’re experiencing constant pain, swelling, or infection, consulting a specialist ensures the right diagnosis and treatment plan.