Managing and Treating Tuberculosis Effectively

What is Tuberculosis ?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can impact other organs such as the brain, spine, and kidneys. It spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. TB can be latent (inactive) or active, with active TB being highly contagious. Early detection and consistent medical treatment are essential for recovery and to prevent transmission.

Causes of Tuberculosis Disease

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads from person to person through tiny droplets in the air. Factors that increase the risk of TB include a weakened immune system, poor living conditions, malnutrition, and close contact with an infected individual. People with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or those undergoing immunosuppressive treatments are at higher risk.

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Diagnosing TB involves multiple tests, including the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, chest X-rays, and sputum tests. Doctors may also conduct a blood test (Interferon-Gamma Release Assay) to confirm infection. If TB is suspected in other organs, additional imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs may be required. Early diagnosis ensures effective treatment and prevents complications.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

Preventive Measures in Tuberculosis

Preventing Tuberculosis (TB) starts with getting the BCG vaccine, which provides essential protection, especially in children. Practicing good hygiene and respiratory etiquette, such as covering the mouth while coughing, reduces the risk of transmission. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals helps minimize exposure. Strengthening immunity through a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle enhances the body’s ability to fight infections. If diagnosed, following prescribed TB medications strictly is crucial to prevent drug resistance and ensure complete recovery, reducing further spread.