Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a common bacterial infection, affects millions of people around the world. Men can also get UTIs, even though they are more common in women. Understanding the differences between men and women in terms of UTIs will help you to prevent and treat UTIs.
What Is a Urinary Tract infection?
UTIs occur when bacteria infect the urinary system. This can include the bladder, kidneys, ureters or urethra. Escherichia coli is the most common bacteria that causes UTIs. It can be found in the intestines. Other bacteria such as Klebsiella or Proteus can also cause infections.
What causes UTIs in women?
Due to certain lifestyle and anatomical factors, women are more susceptible to UTIs. Here are some of the main reasons women develop UTIs.
1. Shorter Urethra :- The urethra of women is shorter than that of men. This makes it easier for bacteria from outside the body to enter the bladder, causing an infection.
2. Sexual Activity :- Sexual contact can introduce bacteria to the urethra and increase the risk of infection. Women who have frequent sexual activities are more likely than others to get UTIs.
3. Hormonal Changes :- Women are more susceptible to infection due to hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy and menopause.
4. Poor Hygiene Practices :- After using the toilet, wiping backwards can spread bacteria from the anus into the urethra. This increases the risk of infection.
5. Certain Contraceptives Can Be Used :- Spermicides, diaphragms and other contraceptives can disturb the balance of bacteria within the vaginal and urethral tracts. This increases the risk of infection.
6. Pregnancy :- The bladder and urinary system are under more pressure during pregnancy, which makes it difficult to empty the bladder completely. This can lead to a breeding ground of bacteria.
7. Diabetes and Weakening Immunity :- Women with diabetes and weakened immune systems have a greater susceptibility to infection due to their reduced ability to fight bacteria.
8. Antibiotics: Frequent use of antibiotics :- Antibiotics overuse can destroy beneficial bacteria that protects against infection, making women more susceptible to UTIs.
What causes UTIs in men?
UTIs are less common in men but can still happen due to lifestyle and health factors. Here are some ways men can get UTIs.
1. Large Prostate :- A benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) can block the flow of urine and cause an incomplete emptying of the bladder. This can allow bacteria to multiply, causing an infection.
2. Kidney Stones :- Kidney stones may cause obstructions in the urinary system, which can prevent urine from being flushed efficiently. This increases the chance of bacteria growing.
3. Catheter Use :- The direct entry of bacteria in the urinary system by men who need urinary catheters is a major risk factor for UTIs.
4. Immune system weakening :- Men who suffer from chronic conditions, such as diabetes and immunosuppressive treatments, are more likely to contract infections including UTIs.
5. Unprotected Anal Intercourse :- Unprotected anal contact can introduce bacteria to the urethra and increase the risk of infection.
6. Poor Hygiene :- If you do not clean your genital area, bacteria can enter the urinary system and cause infection.
7. Urinary Retention :- Medical conditions can cause men to have difficulty emptying their bladder completely, which increases the risk of bacteria growing.
8. Recent Urinary Tract Surgery :- Infections can occur in men who have recently had surgery on the urinary system.
Common symptoms of UTIs among men and women
The symptoms of UTIs are similar for both men and woman, regardless of where the UTI occurs. These symptoms may include:
- Burning sensation during urination
- Urination is frequent, even if little urine is passed
- Bloody, cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Lower abdomen or lower back pain
- Fatigue and fever are severe symptoms
- Women are more likely to experience pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvis.
- Severe infections can cause nausea and vomiting
Tips on Prevention for Men and Women
Adopting good lifestyle and hygiene practices is essential to preventing UTIs. Here are some ways to reduce your risk of getting a UTI.
- Drink plenty of water and stay hydrated to flush out bacteria in the urinary system.
- Urinate before and/or after sexual activity to remove bacteria from the urethra.
- Keep the genital area dry and clean.
- Do not hold urine for too long as bacteria can multiply.
- Avoid tight clothing and opt for loose, breathable clothes to prevent moisture accumulation.
- To prevent the spread of bacteria, women should wipe their backs and fronts after using the bathroom.
- Men should seek medical advice if they have prostate problems to prevent urinary obstruction.
- Probiotics and cranberry supplements can help to reduce bacteria growth.
- Avoid caffeine and excessive alcohol consumption. Both can cause bladder irritation.
- Diabetes, for example, can increase your risk of UTIs.
Conclusion
Men and women both can get UTIs. However, the causes and risks factors are different due to differences in anatomical and physiological characteristics. Understanding these factors will help you to detect, treat, and prevent UTIs early. By practicing good hygiene, staying well hydrated and seeking medical care when symptoms appear, you can reduce the risk of infection.
